Declare ext-intl/ext-zip requirements and fix security audit findings (#213)

* Declare ext-intl and ext-zip as explicit composer requirements

DataExportService uses ZipArchive directly and the Dutch-locale
format_datetime Twig filter needs real ext-intl (the polyfill only
supports en), but composer.json only declared ext-ctype/ext-iconv.
Adding them lets `composer check-platform-reqs` catch a missing
extension before a runtime crash.

* Add authorization checks to PrepareEliminationController

index and viewElimination had no IsGranted guard, unlike every other
backoffice/elimination controller, so any authenticated user could
prepare or overwrite another season's elimination screens.

* Prevent formula injection in spreadsheet exports

Answer/candidate text starting with =, +, -, or @ was written to XLSX
exports as a live formula rather than plain text. Since seasons can
have multiple owners, a co-owner could plant a formula that runs (and
can exfiltrate data) when another owner opens the export in Excel.

* Add rate limiting to login and season-code entry points

Neither /login nor the public season-code guess form (POST /) had
any throttling, making both an unlimited brute-force/enumeration
oracle. Adds symfony/rate-limiter and enables login_throttling on
the main firewall, plus a dedicated per-IP rate limiter on the
season-code form.

* Add unique constraint to prevent double-submit score inflation

A candidate could submit two concurrent POSTs for the same question
before either committed, since GivenAnswer had no unique constraint
and the "next question" check was subject to a TOCTOU race — each
insert was then counted as a correct answer.

* Address CodeRabbit review findings

Include a Retry-After header on the season-code rate limit, correct
stale line references in the security audit doc, and fix a stray
comma in the reset-password email.

src/Controller/Backoffice/PrepareEliminationController.php

@@ -11,18 +11,21 @@ use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
 use Symfony\Component\Routing\Attribute\Route;
 use Symfony\Component\Routing\Requirement\Requirement;
 use Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Attribute\IsCsrfTokenValid;
+use Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Attribute\IsGranted;
 use Tvdt\Controller\AbstractController;
 use Tvdt\Entity\Elimination;
 use Tvdt\Entity\Quiz;
 use Tvdt\Entity\Season;
 use Tvdt\Enum\FlashType;
 use Tvdt\Factory\EliminationFactory;
+use Tvdt\Security\Voter\SeasonVoter;
 
 final class PrepareEliminationController extends AbstractController
 {
     public function __construct(private readonly EliminationFactory $eliminationFactory, private readonly EntityManagerInterface $em) {}
 
     #[IsCsrfTokenValid('prepare_elimination')]
+    #[IsGranted(SeasonVoter::ELIMINATION, 'quiz')]
     #[Route(
         '/backoffice/season/{seasonCode:season}/quiz/{quiz}/elimination/prepare',
         name: 'tvdt_prepare_elimination',
@@ -37,6 +40,7 @@ final class PrepareEliminationController extends AbstractController
     }
 
     #[IsCsrfTokenValid('prepare_elimination', methods: ['POST'])]
+    #[IsGranted(SeasonVoter::ELIMINATION, 'elimination')]
     #[Route(
         '/backoffice/elimination/{elimination}',
         name: 'tvdt_prepare_elimination_view',

src/Controller/QuizController.php

@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Tvdt\Controller;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception\UniqueConstraintViolationException;
 use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManagerInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Attribute\AsController;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\TooManyRequestsHttpException;
+use Symfony\Component\RateLimiter\RateLimiterFactoryInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\Routing\Attribute\Route;
 use Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Attribute\IsCsrfTokenValid;
 use Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorInterface;
@@ -30,7 +33,7 @@ use Tvdt\Repository\SeasonRepository;
 #[AsController]
 final class QuizController extends AbstractController
 {
-    public function __construct(private readonly TranslatorInterface $translator, private readonly EntityManagerInterface $entityManager, private readonly SeasonRepository $seasonRepository, private readonly CandidateRepository $candidateRepository, private readonly QuestionRepository $questionRepository, private readonly AnswerRepository $answerRepository, private readonly QuizCandidateRepository $quizCandidateRepository) {}
+    public function __construct(private readonly TranslatorInterface $translator, private readonly EntityManagerInterface $entityManager, private readonly SeasonRepository $seasonRepository, private readonly CandidateRepository $candidateRepository, private readonly QuestionRepository $questionRepository, private readonly AnswerRepository $answerRepository, private readonly QuizCandidateRepository $quizCandidateRepository, private readonly RateLimiterFactoryInterface $seasonCodeLimiter) {}
 
     #[Route(path: '/', name: 'tvdt_quiz_select_season', methods: ['GET', 'POST'])]
     public function selectSeason(Request $request): Response
@@ -38,6 +41,14 @@ final class QuizController extends AbstractController
         $form = $this->createForm(SelectSeasonType::class);
         $form->handleRequest($request);
 
+        if ($form->isSubmitted()) {
+            $limit = $this->seasonCodeLimiter->create($request->getClientIp())->consume();
+
+            if (!$limit->isAccepted()) {
+                throw new TooManyRequestsHttpException(max(1, $limit->getRetryAfter()->getTimestamp() - time()));
+            }
+        }
+
         if ($form->isSubmitted() && $form->isValid()) {
             $seasonCode = $form->get('season_code')->getData();
 
@@ -125,7 +136,14 @@ final class QuizController extends AbstractController
 
             $givenAnswer = new GivenAnswer($candidate, $answer->question->quiz, $answer);
             $this->entityManager->persist($givenAnswer);
-            $this->entityManager->flush();
+
+            try {
+                $this->entityManager->flush();
+            } catch (UniqueConstraintViolationException) {
+                $this->addFlash(FlashType::Danger, $this->translator->trans('You cannot answer this question'));
+
+                return $this->redirectToRoute('tvdt_quiz_quiz_page', ['seasonCode' => $season->seasonCode, 'nameHash' => $nameHash]);
+            }
 
             // end of extracting saving answer logic
             return $this->redirectToRoute('tvdt_quiz_quiz_page', ['seasonCode' => $season->seasonCode, 'nameHash' => $nameHash]);